Asim Munir’s Rise: Constitutional Changes Threaten Pakistan’s Democracy

UN Human Rights Chief Warns of Democratic Backsliding

The recent constitutional reforms in Pakistan — particularly the 27th Amendment — have sparked global concern, with UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk warning that the changes pose a direct threat to judicial independence and democratic governance.

Passed on 13 November, the amendment grants sweeping, unprecedented powers to Army Chief Field Marshal Asim Munir, now elevated as the country’s first-ever Chief of Defence Forces, giving him command over the navy, air force, and even Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal. The amendment additionally guarantees Munir lifelong immunity from prosecution.

Judicial Overhaul Raises Fears of Executive Control

Türk strongly criticised the restructuring of Pakistan’s judiciary, particularly the creation of the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC), which has taken over all constitutional cases previously handled by the Supreme Court. As a result, the Supreme Court is now restricted to civil and criminal matters only.

Under the new system of judicial appointments and transfers, Türk warned that the executive’s influence over the judiciary has grown dangerously strong, undermining impartiality and accountability.

“These amendments challenge separation of powers and threaten accountability and the rule of law,” he said, stressing that such sweeping changes were adopted without broad consultation.

Extension of Munir’s Tenure Deepens Military Dominance

Beyond expanding the military chief’s authority, the amendment also extends Munir’s tenure by five years, reinforcing the army’s long-standing influence over Pakistan’s political system, which has historically swung between military and civilian rule.

Opposition parties have condemned the move as a step toward a “Field Marshal State”, arguing that it drastically weakens civilian oversight. The government, however, has defended the decision, citing Munir’s leadership during recent tensions with India.

Experts Warn of Growing Civil-Military Imbalance

Political analysts fear the amendments will heighten civil–military friction, with the judiciary now weakened and unable to provide a meaningful check on concentrated power.

The international community continues to closely watch Pakistan’s political trajectory, with mounting concerns that the country is drifting away from democratic norms and toward unchecked military authority.